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Harmattan

a travel blog by roel krabbendam


Harmattan: "A dry wind from the northeast or east that blows in West Africa especially from late November until mid-March. It originates in the Sahara as a desert wind and extends southward to about 5°N in January. It is associated with the high pressure area that lies over the northwest Sahara in winter."

Inspired by my michelin map of north africa, and (ahem) encouraged by my lovely spouse, i'm riding my bike (its a dutch thing) across the sahara desert between December 2006 and March 2007.
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Aboubacar Mahamadou

Agadez, Niger


I met Aboubacar at the mosque within 10 minutes of entering Agadez (Monsieur, donne moi une cadeau!), and he was quick to show me his bicycle: no brakes, lots of maintenance required. I told him I would help him with some adjustments before I left town.

Two days later his friends nabbed me on the street to tell me Aboubacar was looking for me, and later that evening he met me at the internet cafe for the promised tune-up. I removed the two functional brake pads, installed them on the rear brake, adjusted as required, and until these pads wear down to the nubs, at least, he can safely stop his bike.

Now he meets me at the internet cafe and watches patiently while I type, happy to look at my photographs and possibly quite proud to be an internationally recognized star of the blogosphere.


permalink written by  roel krabbendam on February 9, 2007 from Agadez, Niger
from the travel blog: Harmattan
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Flat

Abalak, Niger


Finally back on my bike, I took off from Agadez headed west across the Sahara fringes. They call it the Sahel, but it looked and felt like the desert, only with a few more plants and absolutely flat. Before he left for Ouagadougou, Wolf Gaudlitz highly recommended I head south to Zinder rather than west to Tahoua due to the harsh circumstances, but this only interested me more. Besides, I really felt I was running out of time and adding a week to the trip to see Zinder felt…irresponsible(?).

For an entire day, the premise of this bike trip was completely fulfilled: solitude, no traffic, decent paving, stark landscape, strong wind at my back. One day. Then the paving stopped and it was piste for a long, long time. Sandy, exhausting piste where the map said pavement. I thought: “This is actually perfect. Exactly what I would have faced between Tamanrasset and Arlit”. So, I persevered in pretty good humor, recalculating the distance in days to Abalak, considering how much water I had, and convincing myself that all was well only slower.

Then I blew my rear tire. Deep breath. I thought: “This is actually perfect. I haven’t had even close to my ration of flat tires. I pulled off the road, set up my tent, removed all my baggage, locked up my bike, and went to lock up the trailer when I found one of its tires flat as well. Deep breath. I thought: “No problem: plenty of sun left”. I was still in good humor, hopped in the tent, and calmly fixed both tires. I couldn’t find what might have caused the punctures but that isn’t so unusual, and I went to sleep feeling well prepared for the next day. I was a little shocked by the state of my rear bicycle tire, which was actually quite shredded and left the inner tube exposed in a number of places, but I figured it might hold me until I got to Tahoua. Wrong.

The next morning I found both patched tires once again flat. I had failed to find a thorn in the trailer tire the night before. The bike tire turned out to have multiple punctures. I lined my helmet with the raincover to the trailer, poured in some of my precious water, and discovered 2 additional holes I hadn’t found the night before by listening alone. One old patch was leaking as well. I patched everything very nicely, walked all my stuff out of the stand of thorny trees I had camnped in to avoid further puncture, and got on the road. For about a kilometer. The back tire was completely shredded and it would no longer support the tube: I had pulled a Faysal.

I thought: “This is perfect”. No I didn’t. I was annoyed. I remembered carrying around two extra tires for six months on that bicycle trip to Morrocco and never needing them. Who ever heard of shredding a bicycle tire? Deep breath.

I mounted one of my big, fat dirt tires on the rear hub, removed the rear fender to make room for it, and then discovered that a minor error in the frame configuration, a crossbar located just 1/2 an inch too close to the rear hub, would never allow this tire to fit on this bike. I needed a welding shop or a smaller tire, I was on a deserted road, and I was a long, long walk from anywhere.

permalink written by  roel krabbendam on February 10, 2007 from Abalak, Niger
from the travel blog: Harmattan
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All-nighter with Nassirou

Dosso, Niger



I was sitting there by the side of the road considering how I might cut down the height of the nubs on this fat tire so that my wheel would fit, when all that gris-gris I bought in Agadez kicked in and a very big, very empty, lots of room for the bike Orange truck pulled up, the first in a very long time. Nassirou Aboubacar popped his head out of the window and said something like “What ya doin”? I explained my problem, and he offered me a ride to Abalak. I accepted.

I had a steel frame for exactly this reason: any old welding shop on earth could fix it if necessary. Unfortunately, nothing doing in Abalak: weekend, off visiting someone, might be back in a few days, I have no idea what because my French is…poor. No bike shop to buy a different tire either. I bought eight very cold coca-colas and we headed for Tahoua. It got dark. I looked at Nassirou, he looked at me, and we decided I would stick with him until Konni.

We got to Konni at 1am. The streets were totally alive with people and music and traffic of all sorts, but it felt like a village. I asked if we shouldn’t grab some food (my treat), but he said: “later”. I asked if he was spending the night where we were parked and he said: “Autre cote”.

Nassirou got on the cell phone and made 10 or 12 calls. After 20 minutes a man pulled up on a motor scooter and held a brief discussion before taking off. More phone calls and another 20 minutes went by before two guys rolled a barrel up to the truck. Two other guys brought pails. While Nassirou stood in the shadow of the truck counting a huge wad of cash, these four guys filled the truck up with contraband diesel using the pails. They were laughing and joking and it didn’t take long, with Nassirou paying off the guy on the motor scooter and signaling that now, it was time for dinner. All “carburante” comes from Nigeria, the official and the unofficial kind, but there is a 17,000 CFA difference in price between a barrel of either. I asked Nassirou if the quality was the same, and he shrugged to say “The truck runs”. Of course it isn’t his truck.

We went to diner in a big hut with wrestling on the television and picnic tables for our convenience. I told Nassirou I would have whatever he was having (gulp!), and that turned out to be couscous with a side of meat and broth. I didn’t ask what kind of meat. Water and coca-cola and Nescafe came to the table in the hands of a woman who acted like she had an appointment elsewhere. I drank it all. I ate it all. I wasn’t going to do this just a little bit, and it turned out to be just fine.

I slipped Nassirou 5,000 CFA, he paid for dinner, he handed me back 2,500 CFA, and we headed back to the truck. When he didn’t stop the truck at the other side of town I asked Nassirou where exactly we were going. He said “Dosso”. I didn’t know where that was and my maps were in the back of the truck, but he knew I was headed for Cotonou so I wasn’t concerned.

We didn’t talk much. I found out he works for a “patron” who has three trucks, that he isn’t married but has a “copine” and a 7 year old son with an absolutely fabulous name I’m frustrated to have forgotton, that he travels all over West Africa delivering just about anything, and that his next delivery was to Cotonou. We drove all night, through towns that smelled of onions with streets stacked row upon row for hundreds of meters with sacks waiting for transport, through areas that smelled strongly of flowers, and through a countryside I could only hear and smell and feel. My contribution amounted to asking pertinent and engaging questions about once an hour just to be sure he was still awake. “Ca va”? “Oui, ca va”. “Tu veut du l’eau”? “Non”. “Tu dorme dans les hotels pendant une voyage”? “Non, pas des hotels. Sur le camion! C’est Afrique”!


We arrived in Dosso as the first feeble glow of dawn (or was it the city lights?) suggested a horizon, we parked in an abandoned Texaco station, I was offered a cot under the truck, and we went to sleep. That was my all-nighter with Nassirou.


permalink written by  roel krabbendam on February 10, 2007 from Dosso, Niger
from the travel blog: Harmattan
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Utopia

Dosso, Niger


When I awoke it was to a sideways view of a bustling street filled with small stands and street vendors and truck drivers. Nassirou waited for his patron to arrive (“I drove all night to get here on time, and he’s still sleeping with the cell phone off”!), and I went to a bike shop with my bike to inquire about a file; a big metal file I could use to eek out just enough space for my tire. I only needed to remove about a quarter inch of what amounted to a threaded sleeve sticking out from the misplaced crossbar in order for the wheel to fit. The bike guy didn’t have a file but he took me to the welding shop across the way and through a gate and across a vacant lot. I thought: “OK, wait a minute. I could just buy a smaller tire”. I communicated my thoughts badly. I turned my back for a couple of minutes to talk to the bike guy, and the welder simply removed the protruding metal sleeve while I wasn’t looking. It was that quick. My bike was fine, the fat tire works, all is well, but I think I’ll have the folks at Independent Frames take a look at the frame geometry when I get back.

I thanked Nassirou for his tremendous kindness, turned down the offer to continue on to Cotonou with him, took his picture and promised to send him a copy and then rode off to find a hotel. Within minutes of leaving Nassirou, I met Sonteijmane Gorba, but that’s a bit of a mouthful and his friends call him Guetto. After 5 days together I now comfortably count myself among those friends.

Because I hadn’t called since leaving Agadez and it was too early to do so at the moment, I wanted to send Polly and Mia an email before I found a hotel and went to sleep. I asked randomly for an internet café and when I found it closed was taken in hand by the sign painter across the street, the aforementioned Guetto. His boss called a friend who had a computer at home, and Guetto led me all the way across town to his house, waited outside while I sat in the living room and wrote my messages, and then led me even further to a hotel where he though I would be comfortable.

He told me to come visit after I had slept, but I was so disoriented that it was only by accident that I rode my bike past his studio the next day, where he waved me over to say hello. He decided to give me a tour of the vicinity by bicycle, and this is how I got the opportunity to visit Darey Malki, a utopian agrarian community started in 1953 by two idealistic friends.


We were taken in hand by the famille Kader Dodo, given a large wooden bowl of corn flour and water to drink, and of course I couldn't resist asking if I could take some portraits. The community is primarily composed of the families of the two, now deceased, pioneers, but others are welcome. One of the first buildings to rise, in fact, was a mosque to attract others to the site. If there are problems, you are asked to leave.

Modern technology drives the power in the hospital and the pumps for the wells, but otherwise I found a village still fully committed to an agrarian existance and quite a success.

Guetto and I biked back to Dosso together, I treated him to dinner, and we decided to go to Niamey together to get my visa for Benin.



permalink written by  roel krabbendam on February 15, 2007 from Dosso, Niger
from the travel blog: Harmattan
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Visa

Niamey, Niger


We got to the bus station at 8am the next morning, not far from the abandoned Texaco station where I had left Nassirou. I met two young girls dressed alike in pink checked dresses, one blind and the other leading her from passenger to passenger pleaded for money. A woman in immaculate green satin with matching head dress studiously ignored them, oppressed obviously to be there in the dirty station at all. I offered meager change, and we got our tickets before crossing the street for a glass of hot “Lipton” with plenty of sugar from a street vendor.

The Africa Express minibus left 20 minutes later, full of passengers. The seats were just a little to close together for adequate knee space and the busses are designed with collapsible seats in the aisles, an idea I hope the airlines ignore or pay me obscene royalties to implement.


We drove through a sandy countryside dashed and dotted with trees and anthills, huts and houses. Signs announced the reserve near Niamey protecting the last giraffes in Niger, but I saw no giraffes. We passed the airport, then a vast expanse seemingly dedicated to black and white and clear plastic bags, and then a street pressed at the edges with people and street stands before pulling into the dirt lot of the Africa Express “gare” after a two hour ride. A taxi brought us quickly to the Embassy of Benin, and there I discovered that processing would take 24 hours. Guetto and I would have to spend the night in Niamey.

Guetto had been complaining about a tooth that was slowly discoloring and causing him great pain, and he told me he wanted to go to the Hopital National to have it looked at. We again took a taxi, bought bags of sweetened yoghurt at the hospital entrance from a street vendor, and were told to go to the emergency room since we didn’t have an appointment. Guetto went in and I waited outside. When he reappeared twenty minutes later it was to tell me that he had to pay 1200 CFA ($2.50) for the visit…which it turned out meant that I would be paying it. Guetto had come along without any money at all. He got an injection into his gum filled with antibiotics and pain killers, and a prescription that I paid 3500 CFA ($7.00) for, with the very good news that the tooth could probably be saved.
Guetto

He took me to his sister’s house in the huitieme chateau, the city apparently divided into 10 “chateaux” as well as other “quartiers”. The streets were wide and unpaved, the house a walled plot, and a forecourt for the car and the well, and then a living room draped in sheer pink fabric. Beyond that was private. Two bare wires were connected by hand to start the overhead fan. I played with the kids and took portraits of everyone while Guetto and his sister chatted, and then a girl brought us couscous, and then we left to visit relatives further down the street.

Guetto

There the house was more formidable, birdcages and an expensive car in a very large courtyard and a very large and comfortable living room. I met two older ladies, and a guy just back from 7 years in Pennsylvania: Lauren. Lauren spoke French with an American accent and English as if he was born in Pennsylvania, and he was on the phone with his American wife now in England with their son, visiting her mother. He was overseeing the completion of his new house, a ten year project left unfinished while he was gone, so that he could move his family back to Niger. I told him the change was pretty drastic and he agreed, but writing this now I think things might be all right for them. His house shares a quartier with the American embassy, Americans live nearby, his family is obviously wealthy and well-connected, and though he is only 33, Lauren seems to have a head for business.

Guetto's sister and her daughters

We took a long nap, went to the Cyber Café for some quick email, got another cup of “Lipton” on the street and then went back to Guetto’s sister’s house, to hang out on the street as if it were a beach until it got dark. The dust was thick from all the passing cars, and the headlights cut wide arcs of light as they passed. Guetto and his friends washed and then prayed in a small prayer stand that I now recognize as ubiquitous, and then we had cassava and sauce for dinner before walking to Lauren’s house to spend the night.

8pm, Huitieme Chateau

Tracy Chapman was on the cassette player when we arrived and she was still singing the next afternoon when I finally left. The only interruption was to listen to a curious cassette of some military hearings concerning the execution without trial of thirteen suspected terrorists. I could not understand when the incident occurred, but several guys in the group seemed to know every word of the proceedings by heart, and the importance of the event was obvious. I surmised that it related to the civil war and Tuareg rebellion of not too many years ago.

8pm, Huitieme Chateau

I went to bed after a shower: a mattress on the floor of the unfinished house. It brought back warm and fuzzy feelings of renovating a certain condo for two miserable years in Boston. The mosquitoes were intolerable and malaria was on my mind. The others continued chatting late into the night, enjoying the cooler air and Guetto’s unexpected visit and of course, Tracy Chapman. I slept pretty well, considering.


permalink written by  roel krabbendam on February 18, 2007 from Niamey, Niger
from the travel blog: Harmattan
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Break-in

Dosso, Niger


Dawn was heavy and grey. I awoke to find everyone asleep around me and climbed up to the roof for some air. The American embassy was having an evacuation drill, a taped voice ordering everyone to stay away from the windows. Doves cooed in the trees, and I heard squeaking and wailing from lizards and goats. I could hear American kids on a swing set just behind a nearby wall, and realized I really missed home. The others awakened as the sun etched away at the haze, and for a while I listened to the drone of their conversation below.

Lauren agreed to give us all a tour of the city in his car, and I bought him some gasoline. At almost $2.00/liter it was the least I could do. The scale of the city is nothing like I expected, exactly as in Agadez. There are large buildings, they are spread far apart, and I never felt any sense of urbanity at all. The Kennedy bridge (photography not allowed!) is…just a bridge. The railings were lined almost entirely with drying laundry. I had always imagined my first view of the River Niger would be more momentous.

The visa was unexpectedly ready exactly when promised at the embassy, Lauren got us to the gare on time, there was place left on the minibus for Guetto and I, we wished Lauren success with his house and his family and his cash flow, and just like that we were gone. There were still no giraffes visible in the reserve. I came back to my hotel room three hours later to find the locks forcefully removed with obvious damage to the steel door and everything wide open. The hotel staff was in a flurry. The police chief arrived.

I had not returned the night before, and the hotel staff didn’t know if I was in the room or not: it was they who had forced the lock. I never imagined I had walked off with the only key, I was insensitive to the idea that my unexpected delay in Niamey might concern the hotel, and I certainly never imagined that my disappearance would be reported all the way up to the governor. The chief was there, I believe, to make sure I paid for the door. Nothing was stolen, nothing was lost, and the repairs cost me 3000 CFA ($6.00) as far as I can tell at this writing. I’m still apologizing to absolutely everyone for the “derangement”.


permalink written by  roel krabbendam on February 18, 2007 from Dosso, Niger
from the travel blog: Harmattan
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Hunger

Dosso, Niger


Sahelian Niger experienced food shortages as recently as 2 years ago, and I looked to World Hunger, Twelve Myths by Frances Moore Lappe, Joseph Collins and Peter Rosset (Grove Press, 1998) for some understanding of the issue. I learned the following surprising facts:
1. Food is abundant. 78% of all malnourished children under five in the developing world live in countries with food surpluses. Countries like India and Brazil with massive malnourishment export large quantities of food. Countries like Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia and Mali have many times more farmable land then is actually utilized. The real issue is not scarcity. The issues are third world debt incurred to pay for dubious projects serving established elites to the exclusion of majority interests, subsequent pressure to raise and export cash crops to the exclusion of local food supply to pay down foreign debt, and war fueled by superpower geopolitical meddling.
2. Droughts do not cause famine: they are simply the last straw. The real problem is increased vulnerability brought about by man-made factors. All but one Sahelian nation suffering prolonged drought actually produced enough food to feed itself. Unfortunately, poor farmers in debt to rich farmers and merchants were forced to sell them their production at rock-bottom prices, leaving them without enough food to survive the hunger season. Purchasing food was impossible because merchants raised their prices in the face of shortfalls. Debt, not drought, killed the Sahelian peasant.
3. Population density does not cause hunger, poverty and inequality does. World population growth rates are actually plummeting. In Africa, fertility peaked in the early sixties and has dropped ever since. That decline is expected to accelerate. Hunger and high fertility rates coexist primarily where societies deny security and opportunity to the majority, and deny education to women.
4. Desertification may best be addressed by population increase, not decrease. Marginal soils require irrigation, terracing, intensive crop and livestock rotations and incorporation of organic matter. This takes a lot of labor: success of these strategies has historically depended on population densities approximating 110 people/square kilometer, while sub-Saharan Africa in 1995 recorded approximately 24 people/square kilometer.
5. Pesticides, originally intended to increase farm yields have fed a cycle resulting in financial and ecological ruin. By destroying natural population control among insects, and through growing resistance to insecticides among insect populations, pesticide use results in increased pesticide use, until the pesticides assume a disproportionate cost, making production unprofitable. Farms are abandoned. Only the chemical companies profit.
6. Small farms are more efficient than large farms, even in the United States. Small farms utilizing traditional practices produce between 5 and 50 calories for every 1 calorie of input, while large scale mechanized farming yields a single calorie for every 10 calories expended. Small farms also have almost double the total output and profit margin per acre of large farms. Unfortunately, that profit margin is so low for any size farm due to the monopolization of farm products by large corporations that only large farms earn enough through sheer volume to survive.
7. The free market alone will never solve hunger because it responds to money and power, not need. It also fails to account for environmental destruction and the increased vulnerability of the majority resulting from the concentration of wealth. For example, structural adjustments imposed by the IMF and World Bank on debtor nations requiring loans to restructure existing debt have had disastrous results on the living conditions of the majority in those countries. These structural adjustments generally eliminated governmental control in favor of free market principles, essentially prying open these countries to foreign investment. As capital was sucked out of these economies, poverty and hunger increased dramatically. Cheap imported grain drove farmers out of business, resulting in rising unemployment, further exacerbating the cycle of hunger.
8. Government policies that insure the dispersion of wealth and power to the majority create consumers and so assist the market in better meeting actual need.

The book goes on to expose the immorality of food aid programs that bankrupt local economies and insure financial dependence, the destruction wreaked by the corporate structure operating free of governmental constraints, the tremendous support especially large corporations get from the US government (that would be our tax dollars), both overtly and covertly, in penetrating and dominating foreign markets, and the role of arms and militarism in protecting the status quo.

As the balance of power increasingly favors corporations and the concentration of wealth, the security of the majority world-wide diminishes. These effects are felt even in the United States, where regions race to the bottom to attract business, the divide between rich and poor continues to increase, and the buying power of the majority continues to diminish. The status quo is eroding our own security. Globalization means that security for the factory worker in Guatemala or the computer scientist in India is ever more inextricably tied to our own security at home: we are all seeking the same work.

I look forward to an American government committed to real security instead of a “war against terrorism”, that favors the language of international cooperation over the language of dominance, and that understands the link between national and global interests. It’s almost enough to consider becoming an American citizen.


permalink written by  roel krabbendam on February 18, 2007 from Dosso, Niger
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Food

Dosso, Niger


This blog may inadvertently have conveyed the impression that food only instigates diarrhea, and that would be a tragic miscommunication. Bacteria cause diarrhea, not food. Remember that.

I have had memorable meals in my life, some simple and some grand: a blowfish we caught and cooked off Cape Cod when I was a kid comes to mind, some wine and bread and cheese with my mom when I was a teenager, a vegetable tagine cooked in the sand at Casablanca 28 years ago, a Russian meal with a lot of frozen vodka in North Carolina in 1984, a Japanese meal with lots of hot sake in Lima, Peru a year earlier, a fondue I had in Switzerland in 1990 (booze again), a birthday meal Polly cooked me once on the hottest day of the year in Cambridge, Massachusetts, sushi fests at my sister’s house…the circumstances and the people and the food and sometimes the occasion conspired to elevate the experience beyond simply “dinner”.


The meal Nassir and friends cooked us in the desert at La Source in Algeria, and the farewell dinner Lakhdar and Talla cooked in the desert outside Tamanrasset may well join the list, and both of them centered on bread. Nassir made real Sahara bread: balls of dough kneaded and massaged into flat patties and fried on a skillet with plenty of oil brushed on. It came with roasted mutton and a big salad, and the night was clear and not quite as late as usual, and I understood more than a little of the conversation, and out of all of the late night, meat roasting, guy-a-thons, this one sticks in my mind. That bread was unforgettable.

Lakhdar spent an incredibly long time stirring a bowl of dough that was then poured on a bed of hot sand and embers and covered with hot embers. The resultant flat loaf was then scraped of cinder, broken into little bits, and mixed into a bowl of ingredients I do not remember (I’m hoping Lakhdar will help me out here with some comments). This is a traditional meal with a name I also neglected to write down (help me, someone!). Everyone ate out of the common bowl, with Talla pulling pieces of mutton off the bone and tossing it into each person’s quadrant: a ritual I rather liked.


I must mention tea, and I’m not talking Lipton though that is exactly what got me through some hot afternoons in Benin. In Algeria especially, tea is ritual: a soothing and relaxing and rather lengthy endeavor requiring several pots and glasses and a small brazier. A small fire is made in the brazier to yield coals that boil water in a copper pot. Kasem Chermel at In Salah actually did this in a closed room, apparently oblivious to the fumes.

Tea leaves are inserted into the pot in a big bundle that prevents the leaves from exiting the pot with the water. The water is poured into a glass containing quite a bit of sugar. The pour is done with pride, the pot held as high as the pourer dares and the arc of the water as long as possible so that it feels like a miracle that it all reaches the glass. The tea is poured back into the pot. This is done many times, until the sugar is completely dissolved, there is a stiff froth on the tea in the glass and the host tastes and judges it done. Small glasses half filled with tea are handed to all. The whole ritual in its most relaxed form is repeated three times: once to taste the bitterness of the tea leaves, once to taste the sweetness of the sugar and once to appreciate the froth on top.

Ahmed told me that for him the ritual is a soothing addiction, something I thought not too different from my own love affair with coffeehouses and cappucinos.


Dairy products were a surprise. The countries I visited do not have well-developed dairy industries and have relied for a long time on imported powdered milk. Why they would have wanted this product at all if it wasn’t indigenous is a topic well-covered in World Hunger mentioned earlier. In any case, Kherfi Freres in Guererra were pretty cutting edge with their Dutch cows in the desert and their effort to create a dairy industry. Mohamed in Kairouan, Tunisia treated me to goat milk/cheese which I found slightly sour, slightly sweet, and fairly pleasant. Processed foods were not uncommon in Tunisia, including cheeses much like Dutch Gouda. I saw processed cheese spread in 24 triangle rounds in Niger and found it handy to have later when all I could find was bread. Benin seems largely dairy free, except in the cities where you find “Fan Milk”. I am hopelessly addicted to the semi-frozen bags of Fan Milk sweetened yoghurt sold by young guys out of freezer boxes often mounted on bikes and announced with large bulbed horns.

Manioc is a staple in Benin, much as yucca is a staple in Peru: you find huge stacks of this very large root by the roadside wherever you go. It is soaked and then boiled, and accompanied it seems with a sauce made of onions, tomatoes, chili peppers and oil. I had my best day of biking when I ate manioc for breakfast and I truly believe it is related. I had a bit of a Yucca fries addiction in Peru but I did not see Manioc fries here in Benin…could be a whole new culinary direction for them here.

Vegetables in general tended to cabbage, lettuce, tomatoes and onions...the diversity was not particularly impressive. The massive importation of exotic and out of season foodstuffs common in the United States and Europe wasn't apparent in the places I visited. Tunisia had the most variety, and with a Mediterranean climate at the coast was in a position to grow it.

Dessert was not a highly prized concept anywhere I went, but the oranges in Tunisia and Algeria were incredible and the pineapple and small mango were delicious in Benin. Dates were common and became a high-energy staple for me when I was biking. I only found pineapple in the cities of Benin. I have never liked papaya, but there were afternoons where they tasted fantastic, and these were more ubiquitous (look that word up, Tommy).

Meat…well, there’s nothing quite like a steak. Slaughtering a sheep and roasting it is quite an event in Algeria, but I found it very fatty and irritatingly filled with indigestibles like cartilage. I know the meat itself is actually delicious, so I’ve been spoiled by the highly refined butchering done in the Etats-Unis. I promised myself I wouldn’t eat chicken but did anyway: they were not oven-stuffer-roasters but tasted just fine. I was confronted with Highly Suspicious Looking Fish served by Orou Adamou and prepared by his mom in Beroubouay, Benin, forced myself to dig in and found that pretty good as well.

Liquor is available in Tunisia and uncommon in Algeria. I drank quite a bit of Niger beer (giraffe on the brown or green bottles), and found every conceivable brand of real and knock-off hard liquor here in Benin. Coca-Cola is common in Benin but nowhere else. I’m told it will kill diarrhea bugs: another pesticide dumped on the third world. It is cheaper than bottled mineral water.


permalink written by  roel krabbendam on February 18, 2007 from Dosso, Niger
from the travel blog: Harmattan
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The River

Malanville, Benin


The Niger is beautiful and wide and green at the banks between Gaya, Niger and Malanville, Benin, with here and there birds and small boats and people doing laundry or washing. So much water was very…soothing. People like Mungo Park died finding and charting it's course it is said, but when you realize it really is just a river you also come to understand they did so for reasons all their own.

I spent my first night out of Dosso still in Niger, in a Germa village named Makani after I got an especially nice hello from a guy on the highway. I screeched to a stop and asked him if I couldn’t pitch my tent within the walls, but he had to summon Douwda Noma to communicate in French. Douwda is a young guy who went to work in Lome and picked up some French there. He arranged everything, showing me where I could place my tent and recognizing that perhaps I needed a bit of “repose”. First they brought me a pillow and a mat and a mattress for under the tent however, since they couldn’t accept that I might sleep on the ground! I went to sleep for a few hours and awoke to a hazy view of the moon and the sound of pounding mortars (2 or even 3 girls to a pestle), a TV, kids laughing, goats, birds, and crickets. The Germa sounded like music, a girl hummed a few lines of a song over and over pleasantly, a man issued orders: the sounds all blended like water in a stream, like this was a dream.


Daouda and posse

I found water and food next to the tent, manioc and onion sauce and couscous and green sauce, and it was too much for me to eat. A girl told me to save the manioc for morning, and took away the other pots. Later a younger guy showed me an area surrounded by mud brick where I could wash from a bucket, and then I went back to sleep. I left a kite for the kids and a little tapestry I had bought in Dosso for the cook, took some pictures of Douwda and the local crew, got an address to send them to, and was back on the road before it got hot.


The Niger

I reached Gaya in early afternoon, and found a store that sold sweetened yoghurt in bags: I can’t get enough of the stuff and downed three. The road follows the river for a bit and then it was the douane (customs) on the Niger side of the bridge.


The Niger

I didn’t have any paperwork from my entry at Assamaka, so I skipped that office and went right to a mountainous woman sitting at a plain wooden table who very efficiently checked me out of the country and wished me a bon voyage. I skipped customs on the Benin side too, and here an officer at a similar wooden table stamped my entry. I felt quite welcome.


The bridge to Benin

At Malanville I downed (2) 60cl Coca-Colas, (2) yaourt Hollandais and a liter of water. Dehydration had apparently precipitated negative cerebral effects: who knows what I was thinking. All that sugar seems to just make the dehydration worse.


Abridged thinking

I made it to Motel Alfa Kouara in the town of Alfa Kouara on the edge of the Parc National de W. A national park named after a letter: someone call Elmo. There were supposed to be elephants here, but they must have been hanging out with those giraffes near Niamey, or maybe with Big Bird: no elephants.

Motel Alfa Kouara in the forest that is Benin

Salima Saka runs a very tidy place, made me a nice dinner of couscous and onion sauce with meat, and I really appreciated her sensibilities. I left early again to beat the heat.



permalink written by  roel krabbendam on February 19, 2007 from Malanville, Benin
from the travel blog: Harmattan
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Football

Gberouboue, Benin


Benin is a forest, denser and denser as you head south. The towns all have big shady mango trees, each with benches and gas stations and women selling baskets of food under them. A gas station is a wooden stand with beautiful bottles of different sizes containing what I thought was tea but what turned out to be diesel: every town has several.
Gas Station

In the north the land is corrugated three hills to every five kilometers...take my word on this. Bicycling was either top gear or bottom gear with nothing in between. There is a haze to the air, an excretion of the forest perhaps, but also smoke from the production of charcoal. The air smells faintly of it, and wood is stacked everywhere along the roadside.

My route was expedient but unwise. Traffic was minimal but almost all trucks, and meeting a truck coming from ahead was like having sand and smoke and diesel fumes literally flung in your face. The forest is cut back so that there is no shade on the road at all, and the heat after 11am was barely tolerable. Benin should be explored by bicycle on the back roads I now know, but I plunged ahead on the highway nonetheless. The highway is narrower than your average American residential street, narrower than two trucks and a bicycle should they all try to pass at once.


I limped into Gberouboue on a tire going flat, and here I decided to ask if there was a church where I could plant my tent. The pastor was away at a conference, and the woman I talked to wasn't prepared to help me. Orou Adamou A. Roufaye came to my rescue, volunteering his father's home for a refuge. It turns out he is the son of the Most Important Man in Town, the house was concrete, and he was happy to have me pitch my tent on his front porch. Orou took me off for a drink, I met some old guys and treated them to a stiff one, and then we all went to the football game. The good guys won.

Afterwards I met Orou's wife (I thought he was too young for that, but I hadn't yet shifted from my Niger/Algeria/Tunisia mentality), and then went to his mother's house for some food. It was fish, and it looked appalling, and for the first time on this trip I seriously considered excusing myself from the proceeding. Then I ate the darned stuff and it was fine.

Orou needed to talk to me about his business ideas, and whether I had the "force", the power, to help him buy a car so that he could start a taxi service in his town. He also wanted to start a boutique selling perfume and other nicities in town because there was nothing like that available.

My finely tuned business acumen certainly came in handy. I suggested he go to Cotonou, buy five bottles of the most exquisite stuff he could get his hands on, put on his nicest clothes, and sell it on the street personally. I told him to waft every woman and man that passes with just a touch, a teaser, until noone could resist. Then go back and get 10 bottles, and get two nice looking kids to woo and sell for him in just the right way while he worked on a plan to open a store. If he did it right then people would come, and if they came he would have his car soon enough. If anyone has a better idea, leave your comments below.

I went to sleep on his father's porch, woke up early, fixed the tire, rode out as far as the main road, saw the tire go flat again, and yanked both tube and tire in favor of the other fatty so that I was now all dirt bike front and rear. I left my Tioga City Slicker and inner tube with the boys in Gberouboue, and they were ecstatic! Then I rode off, and all those nubs hitting the asphalt sent pleasant vibrations through my seat post and I was pretty happy myself.



permalink written by  roel krabbendam on February 22, 2007 from Gberouboue, Benin
from the travel blog: Harmattan
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Here's a synopsis of my trips to date (click on the trip names to the right to get all the postings in order):

Harmattan: Planned as a bicycle trip through the Sahara Desert, from Tunis, Tunisia to Cotonou, Benin, things didn't work out quite as expected.

Himalayas: No trip at all, just...

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